As far as we can see from the screenshot provided, Valentin does not need to digitize a plot as he already has the coordinates of the points in the matrix A. What he wants to find is an equation.
You won't get THE equation. All you have is a number of points, so there are an infinite number of different equations possible. One of them could be a polynomial of n-1 th order if you have a datavector of n points. But of course you can also find logarithmic, exponential and other types of function or combinations of them which include all of your points. You have the choice between exact interpolation or approximation.
As valery wrote - attach you sheet, show what you have done so far and tell us as precise as possible what the intent is.
Getting the data is the first order of business. The cited thread mentions, I think, a program called Tracer, which, on a good day, will trace a picture of a graph and provide an ordered list of coordinates for points on the curve. One version can be downloaded through here https://sites.google.com/site/kalypsosimulation/Home/data-analysis-software-1
I haven't tried this particular version; I generally use 1.7, because there were some annoyances in 2.0.0, which might have been fixed in this version.