I could track it down to the highlighted option.

If this option is checked, the listbox reverts to its first entry after reloading the worksheet.
@DJNewman I guess that this option is not checked in your installation.
I we still may consider it a bug because when only the last option is checked (which it is by default, I think), the very same "Advanced Control script" is run on recalculation, but this time the option selected remains intact. So the highlighted option seems to do a bit more. So its either a bug or a defect in the documentation/option text which does not reveal all changes affected by that option.
EDIT: This was wrong!! When the last option is checked a Listbox with a modified script also falls back to option #1 when the sheet is recalculated.
So both options do the same, but the behaviour is different for a Listbox with an unmodified script and also different in different installations of Prime and so far its not clear why.
Probably its best to disable this option. After all the rest of the worksheet isn't recalculated on loading and we see a static view of the sheets state when it was saved. So it seems to be consistent if the scripts aren't run as well.
I guess this option is unchecked originally anyway and I seem to have it checked because I didn't know (and still don't) what it actually would be good for 😉