OK, here is how to do it.
You may either use the symbolic "solve" command or the solve block, as described above:

|
The end goal is to optimize time to go a certain distance by adjusting the gear ratio, so I need to solve this function for time first.
|
So why don't you solve for gearRatio?
Would it help to make a function time dependent on gearratio? You can easily turn a solve block into a function.
Sheet in Prime 3.0 format attached.

Regards, Werner