Looking at the last ThingWorx restart in the provided ApplicationLog, things look good to me while starting up:
2018-04-19 10:13:29.936+0200 [L: INFO] [O: c.t.s.ThingWorxPersistenceHandler] [I: ] [U: SuperUser] [S: ] [T: localhost-startStop-1] Default Persistence Provider Package Name = MssqlPersistenceProviderPackage
...
2018-04-19 10:13:30.738+0200 [L: INFO] [O: c.t.s.ThingWorxServer] [I: ] [U: SuperUser] [S: ] [T: localhost-startStop-1] Database initialization started...
...
2018-04-19 10:13:31.596+0200 [L: INFO] [O: c.t.s.ThingWorxServer] [I: ] [U: SuperUser] [S: ] [T: localhost-startStop-1] Database initialization complete
...
But right at the end of the start up, something seems to fail:
2018-04-19 10:13:58.262+0200 [L: ERROR] [O: E.c.t.p.m.MssqlDataExceptionTranslator] [I: ] [U: SuperUser] [S: ] [T: pool-8-thread-1] [message: Il nome di oggetto 'data_table' non è valido.]
2018-04-19 10:13:58.276+0200 [L: ERROR] [O: c.t.s.s.l.LicenseFeatureSummary] [I: ] [U: SuperUser] [S: ] [T: pool-8-thread-1] Error in writing to Data Table for Feature : twx_shutdown, Product: THINGWORX_FOUNDATION Error : Unable to store license usage data in data table due to error:Unable to fetch license usage data from data table due to error:com.thingworx.common.exceptions.DataAccessException: Il nome di oggetto 'data_table' non è valido.
2018-04-19 10:13:58.284+0200 [L: INFO] [O: c.t.s.ThingWorxServer] [I: ] [U: SuperUser] [S: ] [T: localhost-startStop-1] Thingworx Server Application...ON
2018-04-19 10:13:58.340+0200 [L: INFO] [O: c.t.s.ThingWorxBootstrapper] [I: ] [U: SuperUser] [S: ] [T: localhost-startStop-1] Datastore database...INITIALIZED
2018-04-19 10:14:21.694+0200 [L: ERROR] [O: E.c.t.p.m.MssqlDataExceptionTranslator] [I: ] [U: Administrator] [S: ] [T: pool-8-thread-1] [message: [1.018] Data store unknown error: [Error occurred while accessing the data provider.]]
2018-04-19 10:14:21.706+0200 [L: ERROR] [O: c.t.s.s.l.LicenseFeatureSummary] [I: ] [U: Administrator] [S: ] [T: pool-8-thread-1] Error in writing to Data Table for Feature : twx_composer, Product: THINGWORX_FOUNDATION Error : Unable to store license usage data in data table due to error:Unable to fetch license usage data from data table due to error:com.thingworx.common.exceptions.DataAccessException: [1.018] Data store unknown error: [Error occurred while accessing the data provider.]
It looks like as if an SQL command being run by the "LicenseFeatureSummary" tries to access object "data_table" and this doesn't exist.
Is this a new fresh test installation? If yes, and you don't mind losing any existing data, you might want to try to start from scratch the configuration of the MSSQL Database and see if that helps (the script thingworxMssqlDBCleanup.bat is provided to wipe out the entire database object and data). Maybe something went wrong inadvertently when you configured the database for the first time.
If you cannot start from scratch because you cannot lose the existing data, maybe we can try to find out more details by enabling the Stack Tracing in ErrorLog as explained in this KCS Article:
https://www.ptc.com/en/support/article?n=CS239982
And also enabling the ALL logging for ApplicationLog only while you start up the ThingWorx server (remember to disable it right after starting it up because it is too verbose).
In this second case, please provide new ErrorLog and ApplicationLog.
I hope that helps!
Vanessa