How to track a specific part instance throughout it's entire service lifecycle

The Customer is implementing the "As-Built / As-Maintained" product configuration. they are able to create part configurations, part instances. incorporate them in next higher level part instance levels and release the part instance structure. The initial As-built configuration can be built.

During the lifecycle of a part instance (serial number) the part can get a mid life update or configuration modification. The part instance identification (e.g. serial number) has to stay the same but the product configuration is changed. As a consequence the part number (base part) of that part instance is changed. Based on the information the customer has, they are not able to update/change the base part.

The Question is how to support this use case and change the base part of a part instance? Goal is to be able to track a specific part instance throughout it's entire service lifecycle?